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    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">REA Press</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Null</journal-id>
      <journal-title>REA Press</journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">3042-0199</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3042-0199</issn><publisher>
      	<publisher-name>REA Press</publisher-name>
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    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">https://doi.org/10.22105/opt.v2i2.78</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group><subject>Fuzzy dynamical systems, Chaos preservation, Zadeh extension, Hausdorff fuzzy difference, α-level sets, Li–Yorke chaos, Fuzzy arithmetic, Type-I and Type-II fuzzy difference, Set-valued dynamics, Topological compatibility</subject></subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Chaos-Preserving Fuzzy Difference Operators: A Bridge Between Fuzzy Arithmetic and Fuzzy Dynamical Systems</article-title><subtitle>Chaos-Preserving Fuzzy Difference Operators: A Bridge Between Fuzzy Arithmetic and Fuzzy Dynamical Systems</subtitle></title-group>
      <contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author">
	<name name-style="western">
	<surname>Alvarez </surname>
		<given-names>Illych </given-names>
	</name>
	<aff>Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil, Ecuador.</aff>
	</contrib><contrib contrib-type="author">
	<name name-style="western">
	<surname>Pulley</surname>
		<given-names>Esteban </given-names>
	</name>
	<aff>Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil, Ecuador.</aff>
	</contrib><contrib contrib-type="author">
	<name name-style="western">
	<surname>Peña</surname>
		<given-names>Ivy </given-names>
	</name>
	<aff>Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil, Ecuador.</aff>
	</contrib><contrib contrib-type="author">
	<name name-style="western">
	<surname>Baquerizo</surname>
		<given-names>Guillermo </given-names>
	</name>
	<aff>Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil, Ecuador.</aff>
	</contrib></contrib-group>		
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>10</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>2</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>© 2025 REA Press</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/"><p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</p></license>
      </permissions>
      <related-article related-article-type="companion" vol="2" page="e235" id="RA1" ext-link-type="pmc">
			<article-title>Chaos-Preserving Fuzzy Difference Operators: A Bridge Between Fuzzy Arithmetic and Fuzzy Dynamical Systems</article-title>
      </related-article>
	  <abstract abstract-type="toc">
		<p>
			In this work, we propose a novel framework that links generalized fuzzy difference operators—defined through α-level set constructions—with the dynamical behavior of fuzzy systems. By revisiting the compatibility between fuzzy set operations and their α-level counterparts, we introduce the concept of chaos-preserving operators, i.e., binary fuzzy operations that maintain or amplify chaotic dynamics under the Zadeh extension. We demonstrate that, under specific structural conditions (such as upper semicontinuity and nestedness of level sets), certain generalized Hausdorff-type differences not only admit consistent fuzzy representations but also preserve Devaney chaos, Li–Yorke chaos, and distributional chaos in fuzzy dynamical systems. Our theoretical development is supported by explicit constructions involving triangular fuzzy numbers and set-valued dynamics. The proposed framework opens a new avenue for analyzing uncertainty-propagating chaos in fuzzy environments, with potential applications in nonlinear systems, decision theory, and complex modeling.
		</p>
		</abstract>
    </article-meta>
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